Ch 10 explains respiration as a process of breaking down food to release energy. Students learn the difference between breathing and respiration, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and how different organisms breathe.
Breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling. Respiration is the chemical process: Glucose + Oxygen → CO₂ + Water + Energy (aerobic). Breathing rate increases during exercise because muscles need more energy (and thus more oxygen).
Aerobic: uses oxygen, releases more energy, happens in cells. Anaerobic: without oxygen, releases less energy. Yeast does anaerobic respiration (fermentation → CO₂ + alcohol). In muscles during heavy exercise, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid (causes cramps).
Humans/mammals: lungs. Fish: gills (absorb dissolved O₂). Insects: spiracles and tracheae (network of tubes). Earthworm: through moist skin. Plants: through stomata in leaves, lenticels in stems.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc110.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc1ps.zip
During exercise, muscles use more energy and need more oxygen to break down glucose (aerobic respiration). The body increases breathing rate to take in more O₂ and expel the extra CO₂ produced.
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