Ch 15 goes deeper into light — reflection, types of mirrors, images formed, and how white light splits into a spectrum of colours using a prism.
Plane mirror: forms a virtual, erect, laterally inverted image of the same size. Concave mirror (inward curve): used in torches, shaving mirrors — can produce real or virtual images depending on object distance. Convex mirror (outward curve): always produces virtual, smaller images — used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles.
A prism splits white light into 7 colours: Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red (VIBGYOR). This band is called the spectrum. Sunlight is white light containing all colours. Rainbow is a natural spectrum formed by raindrops acting as prisms.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc115.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc1ps.zip
A real image is formed when light rays actually converge at a point — it can be obtained on a screen (e.g., cinema). A virtual image is formed where rays appear to diverge from — it cannot be captured on a screen (e.g., image in a plane mirror).
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