Ch 14 explores three effects of electric current: heating effect (bulb, heater), magnetic effect (electromagnet, electric bell), and chemical effect (electroplating). Students also learn about fuses and circuit safety.
Electric current flowing through a conductor produces heat. Applications: electric bulb (filament glows), electric heater, iron, toaster. Fuse: a thin wire that melts and breaks the circuit when current exceeds safe limit, protecting appliances.
A current-carrying wire behaves like a magnet. Electromagnet: coil of wire wound around an iron core becomes a strong magnet when current flows. Used in electric bells, cranes for lifting iron, and MRI machines. Turns off when current stops.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc114.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc1ps.zip
An electromagnet can be switched on and off (by controlling current). Its strength can be increased by increasing current or number of coils. Permanent magnets cannot be switched off or easily adjusted. This makes electromagnets useful in cranes, speakers, and electric bells.
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