Ch 7 teaches comparing quantities using ratios, percentages, profit and loss, and simple interest. These are among the most practically useful topics in mathematics, used daily in shopping, banking, and business.
A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind. Equivalent ratios are like equivalent fractions. Percentages express fractions with denominator 100. To convert a fraction to percentage: multiply by 100. To convert percentage to fraction: divide by 100.
Profit = Selling Price (SP) − Cost Price (CP) when SP > CP. Loss = CP − SP when CP > SP. Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100. Discount = Marked Price − Selling Price.
Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T)/100, where P = Principal, R = Rate per annum, T = Time in years. Amount = Principal + Simple Interest.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gemh107.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gemh1ps.zip
Profit percentage is calculated on Cost Price: (Profit/CP) × 100. Discount percentage is calculated on Marked Price: (Discount/Marked Price) × 100.
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