Ch 8 introduces rational numbers — numbers that can be expressed as p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Students learn to represent rationals on a number line, compare them, and perform all four operations.
A rational number is any number expressible as p/q where q ≠ 0. This includes all integers (e.g., 5 = 5/1), fractions (3/4), and terminating or repeating decimals (0.5, 0.333…). Between any two rational numbers, there are infinitely many more.
Addition/subtraction: find common denominator, then add/subtract numerators. Multiplication: multiply numerators and denominators. Division: multiply by the reciprocal. All properties of integers extend to rational numbers.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gemh108.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gemh1ps.zip
Yes. Every integer n can be written as n/1, which is a rational number. So integers are a subset of rational numbers.
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