Ch 9 explores the habitats of living organisms, how they adapt to their surroundings, and the characteristics that define life — growth, respiration, response to stimuli, reproduction, excretion, and movement.
Habitat: the environment where an organism lives and gets food, shelter, water, and air. Terrestrial habitats include deserts, forests, grasslands, mountains. Aquatic habitats: ponds, rivers, oceans. Organisms have adaptations (special features) to survive in their habitat.
Biotic: living things (plants, animals, microorganisms). Abiotic: non-living things (temperature, water, soil, air, sunlight). Together they form the ecosystem.
All living things: need food, grow, respire, respond to stimuli, reproduce, excrete waste, and eventually die. Non-living things do not exhibit all these characteristics.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc109.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc1ps.zip
Adaptation is a special feature or behaviour that helps an organism survive in its habitat. For example, camels have hump (stores fat), long eyelashes (protect from sand), and padded feet (walk on hot sand). Fish have streamlined body, gills, and fins to live in water.
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