Ch 7 introduces the variety of plants and their parts. Students learn to classify plants as herbs, shrubs, trees, creepers, and climbers, and study the structure and function of root, stem, leaf, and flower.
Herbs: small plants with soft, green stems (mint, wheat). Shrubs: medium-sized with woody stems branching near the base (rose, tulsi). Trees: tall with thick, hard trunks (neem, mango). Creepers spread on the ground; climbers need support.
Root: anchors plant, absorbs water. Tap root (one main root — in dicots like carrot) vs fibrous root (many thin roots — in monocots like grass). Stem: transports water/food, supports branches. Leaf: makes food via photosynthesis. Flower: reproductive part.
Leaf has blade (lamina), veins (reticulate in dicots, parallel in monocots), and petiole. Transpiration: water loss through leaves. Flower parts: sepals, petals, stamens (male), pistil (female: stigma + style + ovary).
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc107.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc1ps.zip
Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapour through tiny pores (stomata) on their leaves. It helps in the upward movement of water from roots and also cools the plant.
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