Ch 11 introduces light, shadows, and reflection. Students learn that light travels in straight lines, how shadows are formed, and how mirrors reflect light to form images.
Light travels in straight lines (rectilinear propagation). Luminous objects produce their own light (sun, candle, torch). Non-luminous objects do not (moon reflects sunlight). We see objects when light reflected from them enters our eyes.
A shadow is formed when an opaque object blocks light. Requirements: light source, opaque object, screen. Shadows are always dark and show only the outline (shape). Transparent objects do not form shadows; translucent form faint shadows.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc111.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc1ps.zip
The moon does not produce its own light. It reflects sunlight that falls on it. We see the moon because this reflected light reaches our eyes. The phases of the moon occur because different portions of the sunlit side are visible from Earth.
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