Ch 13 explores magnets — their discovery, types, properties, and uses. Students learn about magnetic and non-magnetic materials, poles, the compass, and the fundamental rules of magnetic attraction and repulsion.
Natural magnets: magnetite (lodestone). Artificial magnets: bar, horseshoe, cylindrical. Every magnet has North and South poles. Like poles repel; unlike poles attract. A freely suspended magnet always points North-South.
Magnetic materials are attracted by magnets: iron, nickel, cobalt, steel. Non-magnetic materials: wood, glass, plastic, paper, rubber. A compass is a small magnet that can rotate freely and always points North-South.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc113.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc1ps.zip
Yes. Magnets can lose magnetism by: heating, dropping or hammering (rough handling), and keeping two magnets with like poles together. Store magnets with unlike poles facing each other with a piece of wood between them.
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