The internet is powerful but has risks. Cyber safety teaches how to protect yourself online, while digital citizenship covers responsible, ethical behaviour. Both are essential life skills in the digital age.
Common threats: Phishing (fake emails/websites stealing credentials), Malware (viruses, trojans, ransomware), Social engineering (manipulation), Cyberbullying. Protection: Strong passwords (12+ characters, upper+lower+number+symbol), 2FA (two-factor authentication), keep software updated, don't click suspicious links, use antivirus, back up data, verify before sharing personal information.
Digital footprint: everything you post online is potentially permanent — even "deleted" content. Think before you post. Privacy: review social media privacy settings, limit personal info sharing, read app permissions. Netiquette: be respectful online, don't type in ALL CAPS (= shouting), respect others' opinions, give credit for others' work. Copyright: don't copy without permission. Creative Commons: some works allow sharing with conditions.
Steps: (1) Don't respond to the bully — don't engage. (2) Take screenshots as evidence. (3) Block the person on the platform. (4) Report to the platform (all major platforms have report mechanisms). (5) Tell a trusted adult — parent, teacher, or school counsellor. (6) If threats are serious, report to local cyber cell (cybercrime.gov.in in India). Remember: it's never your fault, and speaking up is the right thing to do.
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