Ch 1 covers the basics of growing crops — from soil preparation to storage. Students learn about kharif and rabi crops, modern farming practices, and the difference between manure and fertilisers.
Kharif crops: sown in rainy season (June–Oct) — paddy, maize, soybean. Rabi crops: sown in winter (Nov–Mar) — wheat, gram, mustard. Basic practices: soil preparation (ploughing/tilling) → sowing (seed drill) → manuring → irrigation → weeding → harvesting → storage.
Manure: natural, made from decomposed plant/animal waste, adds humus, improves soil texture. Fertiliser: chemical, factory-made (urea, DAP), provides specific nutrients (N, P, K). Excessive fertiliser harms soil and water. Organic farming avoids chemical fertilisers.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/hesc101.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/hesc1ps.zip
Growing different crops alternately on the same field across seasons. It prevents soil nutrient depletion — e.g., legumes (fix nitrogen) followed by cereals (consume nitrogen). It also reduces pest build-up.
Book a Trial + Diagnostic session. Get a personalized Learning Path with clear milestones, tutor match, and a plan recommendation — all within 24 hours.
Book Trial + Diagnostic →