Ch 7 distinguishes weather from climate and explores how animals adapt to polar and tropical climates. Students learn about temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns, and survival strategies.
Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere (temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind). Climate is the average weather pattern of a place over about 25 years. Weather changes daily; climate is relatively stable.
Polar: Polar bear has white fur (camouflage), thick fat (insulation), broad paws (walk on snow). Penguins huddle for warmth and have streamlined bodies. Tropical: Monkey has long tail (balance), toucan has big beak (reach fruit, cool down). Elephants have large ears (radiating heat).
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc107.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc1ps.zip
White fur provides camouflage in the snow and ice, helping polar bears hunt seals undetected. Their fur also has a thick undercoat and a layer of blubber (fat) beneath the skin for insulation against extreme cold.
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