Scratch is a free visual programming language created by MIT. Instead of typing code, you drag and connect colourful blocks to create animations, games, and stories. It is the perfect introduction to programming concepts.
Stage: where your project plays (480×360). Sprites: characters/objects on stage (default: Scratch cat). Costumes: different looks for a sprite. Backdrops: backgrounds for the stage. Block palette: categories — Motion (blue), Looks (purple), Sound (pink), Events (yellow), Control (orange), Sensing (cyan), Operators (green), Variables (orange).
Events block: "when green flag clicked" — starts the program. Motion: "move 10 steps", "turn 15 degrees". Looks: "say Hello!", "switch costume". Control: "repeat 10" (loop), "if-then" (condition). Example: When flag clicked → repeat 4 [move 100, turn 90] → draws a square. Scratch teaches sequence, loops, conditionals, and variables without typing!
Scratch removes the barrier of syntax errors — you cannot make typos. It lets beginners focus on programming concepts (sequence, loops, conditions, variables) rather than language rules. The colourful blocks provide visual feedback. MIT research shows Scratch learners transition more confidently to text-based languages like Python. It is used by over 100 million people worldwide.
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