Ch 16 addresses how we deal with the garbage we produce. Students learn to classify waste, understand composting and vermicomposting, and adopt the 3 R's — reduce, reuse, recycle.
Biodegradable waste decomposes naturally (food scraps, paper, leaves). Non-biodegradable waste does not decompose easily (plastics, glass, metals). Proper segregation is the first step in waste management.
Composting: biodegradable waste decomposes into nutrient-rich manure. Vermicomposting uses redworms (earthworms) to speed up the process. The 3 R's: Reduce consumption, Reuse items, Recycle materials like paper, metal, and glass.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc116.pdf | Complete book: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/fesc1ps.zip
Plastic is non-biodegradable — it takes hundreds of years to decompose. It clogs drains, pollutes oceans (harms marine life), and when burned releases toxic gases. Reducing plastic use and recycling are essential to protect the environment.
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