Ch 2 covers electric potential, potential energy, equipotential surfaces, capacitors (parallel plate), combinations, dielectrics, and energy stored in a capacitor.
Potential V = W/q = kq/r (scalar). Potential due to dipole, system of charges. E = −dV/dr (field is negative gradient of potential). Equipotential surfaces: V = constant, perpendicular to field lines, no work to move charge along them. PE of two charges: U = kq₁q₂/r.
Capacitance C = Q/V (unit: farad F). Parallel plate: C = ε₀A/d. With dielectric (K): C = Kε₀A/d. Series: 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂. Parallel: C = C₁ + C₂. Energy stored: U = ½CV² = ½QV = Q²/2C. Dielectric increases C by factor K and reduces field inside.
Download: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/leph102.pdf | Part I: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/leph1ps.zip
If they crossed, a point at the intersection would have two different potentials simultaneously — impossible. Just as field lines never cross (would imply two field directions), equipotential surfaces of different values cannot intersect.
Book a Trial + Diagnostic session. Get a personalized Learning Path with clear milestones, tutor match, and a plan recommendation — all within 24 hours.
Book Trial + Diagnostic →