The Number strand is foundational to Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580. It covers arithmetic operations, number properties, and real-world applications like percentages, ratios, and standard form.
Convert between fractions, decimals, and percentages. Ordering and comparing. Percentage increase/decrease: new = original × (1 ± rate). Reverse percentages: if 20% was added, original = final / 1.2. Compound interest: A = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ. Simple interest: I = PRT/100.
Simplifying ratios. Dividing quantities in a given ratio. Direct proportion: y = kx. Inverse proportion: y = k/x. Speed = distance/time. Density = mass/volume. Exchange rates for currency conversion. Map scales and actual distances.
Standard form: a × 10ⁿ where 1 ≤ a < 10. Calculations in standard form. Significant figures and decimal places. Bounds: 5.3 cm to 1 d.p. means 5.25 ≤ length < 5.35. Upper and lower bounds in calculations (Extended curriculum).
Prime numbers, factors, multiples. HCF (highest common factor) and LCM (lowest common multiple) using prime factorisation. Index laws: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ, (aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ, a⁰ = 1, a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ. Surds (Extended): simplifying √50 = 5√2, rationalising denominators.
Core curriculum targets grades C to G and covers basic content. Extended curriculum targets grades A* to E and includes additional harder topics (surds, bounds calculations, harder proportion, etc.). Most students aiming for A/A Level maths take Extended. Both are assessed in the same examination session but with different papers.
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